1. When installing the mysql2 gem on newer macOS, there is an error:

    An error occurred while installing mysql2 (0.5.6), and Bundler cannot continue.
    
  2. First, make sure the xcode-select is installed.

    $ xcode-select --install
    xcode-select: note: Command line tools are already installed. Use "Software Update" in System Settings or the softwareupdate command line interface to install updates
    
  3. Make sure the required tools are up-to-date.

    $ brew install zstd openssl
    
  4. Prepare the paths.

    export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/lib"
    export CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@3/include"
    export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:$(brew --prefix zstd)/lib/
    
  5. Install the gem with 2 additional settings, like below:

    $ gem install mysql2 -v '0.5.6' -- --with-opt-dir=$(brew --prefix openssl) --with-ldflags=-L$(brew --prefix zstd)
    

    Adjust the version number as needed.